The next Federal Open Market Committee meeting starts today and tomorrow the Fed will make a decision on interest rates, which have remained unchanged since December 2024.The Fed doesn't directly set mortgage rates. BUT a cut in the "Fed Funds" rate usually leads to lower mortgage rates for the reasons outlined below.
The Fed lowered rates three times last fall: in September, November, and December. The September cut was a 0.5 percentage point reduction, the first in over 4 years. Mortgage rates dipped to 6.12% in October, but then rose again. In 2025, mortgage rates have remained stubbornly high, averaging 6.7% to 6.9%. Here is why:
1. The federal funds rate impacts the overall cost of borrowing for banks. When it's cheaper for banks to borrow, they may in turn offer lower rates on loans to consumers, including mortgages and credit cards.
2. Mortgage rates are more closely tied to the yield on the 10-year U.S. Treasury note. If the Fed lowers rates and investors expect slower economic growth or lower inflation, they may invest in safer assets like Treasury bonds, which can drive down yields (supply and demand) and, consequently, mortgage rates.
3. If a Fed rate cut fuels consumer spending and raises prices - inflation - this can counteract the effect of a Fed rate cut, as lenders may demand higher interest rates to offset the eroding value of money.
4. The overall health of the economy, including unemployment rates and economic growth, plays a significant role in determining mortgage rates.
5. Investor expectations and sentiment about future monetary policy and economic performance can also influence the bond market and, in turn, mortgage rates.
6. If the demand for mortgages is high, lenders may be less inclined to significantly lower rates, even after a Fed cut. Again the laws of supply and demand apply here.
So while a Fed rate cut often triggers lower mortgage rates, broader economic factors may influence how mortgage rates are impacted. Regardless, when Fed rates drop, so do rates on credit cards and other consumer debt. This puts more money in the pockets of the consumer. And that's generally a good thing!