10 N Adams Ave, Unit 3
Description
Property Details for 10 North Adams Avenue, Unit 3
Property Details for 10 North Adams Avenue, Unit 3
| Status | Active |
|---|---|
| MLS # | 602188 |
| Days on Market | 27 |
| Rental Incentives | - |
| Available Date | 11/08/2025 |
| Lease Term | Winter |
| Furnished | - |
| Compass Type | Rental |
| MLS Type | RENTAL NON-COMMERCIAL / Condominium (Rental) |
| Year Built | - |
| Lot Size | - |
| County | Atlantic County |
Location
Listing Courtesy of: .
Building Information for 10 North Adams Avenue, Unit 3
Property Information for 10 North Adams Avenue, Unit 3
- Address: 10 N Adams Ave
- Address Direction: N
- Address Number: 10
- Address Search Number: 10
- Address Street: Adams
- Area: Margate City
- Condo Name: NONE
- County: Atlantic
- Directions: Winchester Ave to N. Adams and make a right. Property located on right hand side.
- Fips Code: 34001
- State: NJ
- Street Designation: Ave
- Unit #: 3
- Zip: 08402
- Garage: None
- LVT Date: 11-09-2025
- Associated Document Count: 0
- New Construction: No
- Water: Public
- Adult Community/55+: No
- Full Baths: 2
- Sewer: Public Sewer
- Utility Room Level: Main
- Water Heater: Gas
- Driveway: Concrete
- Siding/Exterior: Dryvit
- Air Conditioning: Ceiling Fan(s), Central
- Appliances: Disposal, Dishwasher, Dryer, Gas Stove, Microwave, Refrigerator, Washer
- Bath 1 Level: Upper
- Bath 2 Level: Upper
- Bedroom 1 Level: Upper
- Bedroom 2 Level: Upper
- Bedrooms: 2
- Dining Room Level: Main
- Family Room Level: Main
- Half Baths: 1
- Heating: Baseboard, Gas-Natural
- Interior Features: Walk In Closet
- Kitchen Level: Main
- Powder Room Level: Main
- Rooms: 6
- Limited Service (Y/N): No
- Furnished: Yes
- Included In Rent: Trash Removal, Parking
- Lease Duration: Winter
- Lease Duration: Winter
- Lease Required: Yes
- Pets Allowed: Will Consider
- Winter Price $: $2,200
Property History for 10 North Adams Avenue, Unit 3
| Date | Event & Source | Price | Appreciation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nov 9, 2025 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #598420 | — | |
| Nov 9, 2025 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #602188 | $2,200 | — |
| Jul 19, 2025 | Price Change SJSRMLS #598420 | $2,800 | — |
| Jul 19, 2025 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #596152 | — | |
| Jul 19, 2025 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #598420 | $2,400 | — |
| Jul 19, 2025 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #596153 | — | |
| May 12, 2025 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #592387 | — | |
| May 12, 2025 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #596153 | $14,000 | — |
| May 12, 2025 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #596152 | $6,500 | — |
| May 12, 2025 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #592388 | — | |
| Jan 23, 2025 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #589071 | — | |
| Jan 23, 2025 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #589070 | — | |
| Jan 23, 2025 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #592387 | $6,500 | — |
| Jan 22, 2025 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #592388 | $14,000 | — |
| Oct 30, 2024 | Rented SJSRMLS #589069 | $8,400 | — |
| Oct 7, 2024 | Pending SJSRMLS #589069 | — | |
| Sep 13, 2024 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #583211 | — | |
| Sep 13, 2024 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #589069 | $2,000 | — |
| Sep 13, 2024 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #587259 | — | |
| Sep 13, 2024 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #589071 | $14,000 | — |
| Sep 13, 2024 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #589070 | $6,500 | — |
| Sep 13, 2024 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #583215 | — | |
| Sep 13, 2024 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #587258 | — | |
| Sep 13, 2024 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #587308 | — | |
| Sep 13, 2024 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #587306 | — | |
| Jul 22, 2024 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #587308 | $3,500 | — |
| Jul 22, 2024 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #587306 | $3,000 | — |
| Jul 19, 2024 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #587259 | $15,000 | — |
| Jul 19, 2024 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #587258 | $6,500 | — |
| Apr 30, 2024 | Rented SJSRMLS #583209 | $7,500 | — |
| Apr 28, 2024 | Pending SJSRMLS #583209 | — | |
| Mar 16, 2024 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #574502 | — | |
| Mar 16, 2024 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #578066 | — | |
| Mar 16, 2024 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #583211 | $14,500 | — |
| Mar 16, 2024 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #580559 | — | |
| Mar 16, 2024 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #583215 | $2,000 | — |
| Mar 16, 2024 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #583209 | $5,500 | — |
| Mar 16, 2024 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #580558 | — | |
| Dec 16, 2023 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #578067 | — | |
| Dec 16, 2023 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #578064 | — | |
| Dec 16, 2023 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #580558 | $8,000 | — |
| Dec 16, 2023 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #580559 | $15,000 | — |
| Sep 22, 2023 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #578067 | $16,000 | — |
| Sep 22, 2023 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #578064 | $6,000 | — |
| Sep 22, 2023 | Expired SJSRMLS #570271 | — | |
| Sep 22, 2023 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #578066 | $5,000 | — |
| Sep 22, 2023 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #570271 | — | |
| Sep 1, 2023 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #576341 | — | |
| Sep 1, 2023 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #576202 | — | |
| Jul 28, 2023 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #576341 | $12,500 | — |
| Jul 25, 2023 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #572085 | — | |
| Jul 25, 2023 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #574501 | — | |
| Jul 25, 2023 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #576202 | $3,700 | — |
| May 31, 2023 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #574502 | $2,400 | — |
| May 31, 2023 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #574501 | $3,000 | — |
| Apr 30, 2023 | Rented SJSRMLS #570269 | $4,800 | — |
| Mar 27, 2023 | Pending SJSRMLS #570269 | — | |
| Mar 16, 2023 | Expired SJSRMLS #570270 | — | |
| Mar 16, 2023 | Price Change SJSRMLS #572085 | $17,000 | — |
| Mar 16, 2023 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #570270 | — | |
| Mar 16, 2023 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #572085 | $14,500 | — |
| Feb 18, 2023 | Rented SJSRMLS #566676 | $2,000 | — |
| Feb 1, 2023 | Pending SJSRMLS #566676 | — | |
| Jan 17, 2023 | Expired SJSRMLS #567963 | — | |
| Jan 17, 2023 | Price Change SJSRMLS #570271 | $10,000 | — |
| Jan 17, 2023 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #567963 | — | |
| Jan 17, 2023 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #570269 | $9,000 | — |
| Jan 17, 2023 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #570270 | $17,000 | — |
| Jan 17, 2023 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #570271 | $5,000 | — |
| Oct 10, 2022 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #567963 | $17,000 | — |
| Sep 1, 2022 | Rented SJSRMLS #553676 | $10,000 | — |
| Sep 1, 2022 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #565598 | — | |
| Aug 31, 2022 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #566676 | $2,000 | — |
| Aug 1, 2022 | Rented SJSRMLS #553675 | $25,000 | — |
| Jul 28, 2022 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #565598 | $2,200 | — |
| Jun 17, 2022 | Rented SJSRMLS #553674 | $22,000 | — |
| Jun 16, 2022 | Expired SJSRMLS #562038 | — | |
| Apr 21, 2022 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #559799 | — | |
| Apr 21, 2022 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #562038 | $8,000 | — |
| Feb 18, 2022 | Expired SJSRMLS #553672 | — | |
| Feb 18, 2022 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #553672 | — | |
| Feb 18, 2022 | Expired SJSRMLS #553673 | — | |
| Feb 18, 2022 | Price Change SJSRMLS #559799 | $9,000 | — |
| Feb 18, 2022 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #553673 | — | |
| Feb 18, 2022 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #559799 | $8,000 | — |
| Nov 15, 2021 | Rented SJSRMLS #552295 | $12,000 | — |
| Nov 11, 2021 | Pending SJSRMLS #553674 | — | |
| Oct 26, 2021 | Pending SJSRMLS #552295 | — | |
| Sep 14, 2021 | Pending SJSRMLS #553676 | — | |
| Sep 14, 2021 | Pending SJSRMLS #553675 | — | |
| Aug 1, 2021 | Rented SJSRMLS #546823 | $25,000 | — |
| Aug 1, 2021 | Rented SJSRMLS #546823 | $8,000 | — |
| Jul 29, 2021 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #553676 | $10,000 | — |
| Jul 29, 2021 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #553675 | $17,000 | — |
| Jul 29, 2021 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #553672 | $7,000 | — |
| Jul 29, 2021 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #553674 | $17,000 | — |
| Jul 29, 2021 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #553673 | $15,000 | — |
| Jun 24, 2021 | Price Change SJSRMLS #552295 | $2,400 | — |
| Jun 24, 2021 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #549295 | — | |
| Jun 24, 2021 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #552295 | $2,000 | — |
| Jun 1, 2021 | Rented SJSRMLS #546821 | $17,000 | — |
| May 27, 2021 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #550779 | — | |
| May 18, 2021 | Price Change SJSRMLS #550779 | $4,000 | — |
| May 18, 2021 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #549294 | — | |
| May 18, 2021 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #550779 | $3,900 | — |
| Apr 9, 2021 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #549294 | $7,000 | — |
| Apr 9, 2021 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #546819 | — | |
| Apr 9, 2021 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #546820 | — | |
| Apr 9, 2021 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #549295 | $2,000 | — |
| Feb 22, 2021 | Pending SJSRMLS #546823 | — | |
| Feb 22, 2021 | Pending SJSRMLS #546821 | — | |
| Feb 2, 2021 | Price Change SJSRMLS #546819 | $2,200 | — |
| Feb 2, 2021 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #546823 | $8,000 | — |
| Feb 2, 2021 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #546819 | $2,000 | — |
| Feb 2, 2021 | Price Change SJSRMLS #546820 | $7,000 | — |
| Feb 2, 2021 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #546821 | $17,000 | — |
| Feb 2, 2021 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #546820 | $6,000 | — |
| Jan 14, 2021 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #545932 | — | |
| Jan 14, 2021 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #545931 | — | |
| Jan 6, 2021 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #545932 | $17,000 | — |
| Jan 6, 2021 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #545931 | $2,200 | — |
| Date | Event & Source | Price |
|---|---|---|
| 11/09/2025 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #598420 | — |
| 11/09/2025 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #602188 | $2,200 |
| 07/19/2025 | Price Change SJSRMLS #598420 | $2,800 |
| 07/19/2025 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #596152 | — |
| 07/19/2025 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #598420 | $2,400 |
| 07/19/2025 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #596153 | — |
| 05/12/2025 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #592387 | — |
| 05/12/2025 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #596153 | $14,000 |
| 05/12/2025 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #596152 | $6,500 |
| 05/12/2025 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #592388 | — |
| 01/23/2025 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #589071 | — |
| 01/23/2025 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #589070 | — |
| 01/23/2025 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #592387 | $6,500 |
| 01/22/2025 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #592388 | $14,000 |
| 10/30/2024 | Rented SJSRMLS #589069 | $8,400 |
| 10/07/2024 | Pending SJSRMLS #589069 | — |
| 09/13/2024 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #583211 | — |
| 09/13/2024 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #589069 | $2,000 |
| 09/13/2024 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #587259 | — |
| 09/13/2024 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #589071 | $14,000 |
| 09/13/2024 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #589070 | $6,500 |
| 09/13/2024 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #583215 | — |
| 09/13/2024 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #587258 | — |
| 09/13/2024 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #587308 | — |
| 09/13/2024 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #587306 | — |
| 07/22/2024 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #587308 | $3,500 |
| 07/22/2024 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #587306 | $3,000 |
| 07/19/2024 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #587259 | $15,000 |
| 07/19/2024 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #587258 | $6,500 |
| 04/30/2024 | Rented SJSRMLS #583209 | $7,500 |
| 04/28/2024 | Pending SJSRMLS #583209 | — |
| 03/16/2024 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #574502 | — |
| 03/16/2024 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #578066 | — |
| 03/16/2024 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #583211 | $14,500 |
| 03/16/2024 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #580559 | — |
| 03/16/2024 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #583215 | $2,000 |
| 03/16/2024 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #583209 | $5,500 |
| 03/16/2024 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #580558 | — |
| 12/16/2023 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #578067 | — |
| 12/16/2023 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #578064 | — |
| 12/16/2023 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #580558 | $8,000 |
| 12/16/2023 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #580559 | $15,000 |
| 09/22/2023 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #578067 | $16,000 |
| 09/22/2023 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #578064 | $6,000 |
| 09/22/2023 | Expired SJSRMLS #570271 | — |
| 09/22/2023 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #578066 | $5,000 |
| 09/22/2023 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #570271 | — |
| 09/01/2023 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #576341 | — |
| 09/01/2023 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #576202 | — |
| 07/28/2023 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #576341 | $12,500 |
| 07/25/2023 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #572085 | — |
| 07/25/2023 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #574501 | — |
| 07/25/2023 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #576202 | $3,700 |
| 05/31/2023 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #574502 | $2,400 |
| 05/31/2023 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #574501 | $3,000 |
| 04/30/2023 | Rented SJSRMLS #570269 | $4,800 |
| 03/27/2023 | Pending SJSRMLS #570269 | — |
| 03/16/2023 | Expired SJSRMLS #570270 | — |
| 03/16/2023 | Price Change SJSRMLS #572085 | $17,000 |
| 03/16/2023 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #570270 | — |
| 03/16/2023 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #572085 | $14,500 |
| 02/18/2023 | Rented SJSRMLS #566676 | $2,000 |
| 02/01/2023 | Pending SJSRMLS #566676 | — |
| 01/17/2023 | Expired SJSRMLS #567963 | — |
| 01/17/2023 | Price Change SJSRMLS #570271 | $10,000 |
| 01/17/2023 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #567963 | — |
| 01/17/2023 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #570269 | $9,000 |
| 01/17/2023 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #570270 | $17,000 |
| 01/17/2023 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #570271 | $5,000 |
| 10/10/2022 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #567963 | $17,000 |
| 09/01/2022 | Rented SJSRMLS #553676 | $10,000 |
| 09/01/2022 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #565598 | — |
| 08/31/2022 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #566676 | $2,000 |
| 08/01/2022 | Rented SJSRMLS #553675 | $25,000 |
| 07/28/2022 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #565598 | $2,200 |
| 06/17/2022 | Rented SJSRMLS #553674 | $22,000 |
| 06/16/2022 | Expired SJSRMLS #562038 | — |
| 04/21/2022 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #559799 | — |
| 04/21/2022 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #562038 | $8,000 |
| 02/18/2022 | Expired SJSRMLS #553672 | — |
| 02/18/2022 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #553672 | — |
| 02/18/2022 | Expired SJSRMLS #553673 | — |
| 02/18/2022 | Price Change SJSRMLS #559799 | $9,000 |
| 02/18/2022 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #553673 | — |
| 02/18/2022 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #559799 | $8,000 |
| 11/15/2021 | Rented SJSRMLS #552295 | $12,000 |
| 11/11/2021 | Pending SJSRMLS #553674 | — |
| 10/26/2021 | Pending SJSRMLS #552295 | — |
| 09/14/2021 | Pending SJSRMLS #553676 | — |
| 09/14/2021 | Pending SJSRMLS #553675 | — |
| 08/01/2021 | Rented SJSRMLS #546823 | $25,000 |
| 08/01/2021 | Rented SJSRMLS #546823 | $8,000 |
| 07/29/2021 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #553676 | $10,000 |
| 07/29/2021 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #553675 | $17,000 |
| 07/29/2021 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #553672 | $7,000 |
| 07/29/2021 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #553674 | $17,000 |
| 07/29/2021 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #553673 | $15,000 |
| 06/24/2021 | Price Change SJSRMLS #552295 | $2,400 |
| 06/24/2021 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #549295 | — |
| 06/24/2021 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #552295 | $2,000 |
| 06/01/2021 | Rented SJSRMLS #546821 | $17,000 |
| 05/27/2021 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #550779 | — |
| 05/18/2021 | Price Change SJSRMLS #550779 | $4,000 |
| 05/18/2021 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #549294 | — |
| 05/18/2021 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #550779 | $3,900 |
| 04/09/2021 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #549294 | $7,000 |
| 04/09/2021 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #546819 | — |
| 04/09/2021 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #546820 | — |
| 04/09/2021 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #549295 | $2,000 |
| 02/22/2021 | Pending SJSRMLS #546823 | — |
| 02/22/2021 | Pending SJSRMLS #546821 | — |
| 02/02/2021 | Price Change SJSRMLS #546819 | $2,200 |
| 02/02/2021 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #546823 | $8,000 |
| 02/02/2021 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #546819 | $2,000 |
| 02/02/2021 | Price Change SJSRMLS #546820 | $7,000 |
| 02/02/2021 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #546821 | $17,000 |
| 02/02/2021 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #546820 | $6,000 |
| 01/14/2021 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #545932 | — |
| 01/14/2021 | Withdrawn SJSRMLS #545931 | — |
| 01/06/2021 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #545932 | $17,000 |
| 01/06/2021 | Listed (Active) SJSRMLS #545931 | $2,200 |
For completeness, Compass often displays two records for one sale: the MLS record and the public record.
Schools near 10 North Adams Avenue, Unit 3
Rating | School | Type | Grades | Distance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Public - | PK to 4 | |||
| Public - | 5 to 8 | |||
| Private - | PK to 8 |
Rating | School | Distance |
|---|---|---|
William H. Ross III Intermediate School PublicPK to 4 | ||
Eugene A Tighe Mid School Public5 to 8 | ||
Blessed Sacrament Regional School PrivatePK to 8 |
School ratings and boundaries are provided by GreatSchools.org and Pitney Bowes. This information should only be used as a reference. Proximity or boundaries shown here are not a guarantee of enrollment. Please reach out to schools directly to verify all information and enrollment eligibility.
Neighborhood Map and Transit
No guarantee, warranty or representation of any kind is made regarding the completeness or accuracy of descriptions or measurements (including square footage measurements and property condition), such should be independently verified, and Compass expressly disclaims any liability in connection therewith. Photos may be virtually staged or digitally enhanced and may not reflect actual property conditions. Offers of compensation are subject to change at the discretion of the owner. No financial or legal advice provided. Equal Housing Opportunity.
Based on information from one of the following Multiple Listing Services: BRIGHT, Greater LeHigh Valley Regional MLS, Greator Scranton Board of REALTORS® and Pocono Mountains Association of REALTORS®. Information being provided is for the visitor’s personal, noncommercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties visitor may be interested in purchasing. The data contained herein is copyrighted by BRIGHT, Greater LeHigh Valley Regional MLS, Greator Scranton Board of REALTORS® and Pocono Mountains Association of REALTORS® is protected by all applicable copyright laws. Any dissemination of this information is in violation of copyright laws and is strictly prohibited. Property information referenced on this web site comes from the Internet Data Exchange (IDX) program of the MLS. This web site may reference real estate listing(s) held by a brokerage firm other than the broker and/or agent who owns this web site. For the avoidance of doubt, the accuracy of all information, regardless of source, is deemed reliable but not guaranteed and should be personally verified through personal inspection by and/or with the appropriate professionals.